Editor's ChoiceCategories Credit Type Issuers Blog

Credit Abuse Like Alchoholism?

07/31/2009

I received an interesting comment in response to my post earlier this week about credit card use being a lifetime habit:

When we attend parties with my husband’s coworkers, there is one young woman who spends a lot of time talking with me.  She is a Dave Ramsey zealot and loves that I will pretty openly discuss money matters with her.

As she launched into a “credit cards are evil” diatribe, I had a realization like yours that, for some people, credit addiction really is like a disease.

So, just as it makes sense that a recovering alcoholic would be foolish to keep a basic bar in his home for guests (something I can do with no negative consequences), it is a great idea for these credit-addicted people to destroy their credit cards and always pay cash.

Of course it would be nice if they didn’t feel the need to evangelize and try to convert those of us who are effective and profitable credit card deadbeats.  I’ve never had an alcoholic try to convince me I need to go to AA because I drink a half a dozen drinks a year!

The reader brings up a great point.   Like alcohol,  credit cards can be extremely useful when used responsibly, yet in credibly harmful when abused.  The analogy only goes so far, as credit is more of a tool, where alcoholic beverages are essentially recreational.

I bet if one were to do a study (perhaps someone already has), they would find a high correlation between credit abuse and various other addictive behaviors such as alcoholism, drug abuse, and gambling.    I don’t really wish to put credit card abuse in the same category of drugs or alcoholism.    Drugs and alcoholism are physically destructive, where credit abuse is merely financially destructive.

On the other hand, abusing credit can easily destroy relationships between the person with the problem, and the people who they often go to for help such as parents, spouses, and even children.

One of the big problems with credit abuse, is that there is no clear line as to where it occurs.   In my family, we were taught that anytime a credit card balance was not paid in full, that was a big problem.

When I write this, I often get angry responses about how unrealistic that idea is.   The responses are probably similar to what people hear when they advocate sexual abstinence.

Clearly, people who are borrowing from one source to pay off another have a problem.   I could say that people who are using credit to live beyond their means have a problem, but that might include most of the United States.

Yet it is a problem.  Clearly, living beyond your means is not sustainable.    Using credit to enable that lifestyle will eventually result in disaster.

Can People Change Their Credit Habits?

I know the answer must be “yes”.    If you have been using credit cards as a method of finance by paying interest on your purchases, have you been able to become a “deadbeat”; someone who pays off all of their balances in full every month?

I am very interested to hear your story.   Did you just cut up all your credit cards and go to cash (or debit cards) only?     Are you able to use credit cards as a method of payment, and not carry a balance?

How did you do it?  What prompted you to change your behavior?   Have you ever fallen off of the wagon?

Poorer Than You Interview with Stephanie

07/30/2009

I did a radio show yesterday and had Stephanie from Poorer Than You as my guest. She is a 22 year old recent graduate who has blogged for 3 years on her blog about personal finance. She even took a break from college to save more money and pay off her credit card debt. She has also taken personal finance class in college and I grilled her on what was thought. This is a really interesting interview, so sit back and enjoy.

American Express Gift Cards Review

07/28/2009

American Express Gift Cards are one of the most popular gift cards. They can be purchased online here in denominations of $25, $50, $100, $200, $500, $700, $1000, $2000 and $3000 (subject to a shipping charge, in addition to the purchase fee). But American Express Gift Card are a little different from Visa Gift Cards and below are some explanations to frequently asked questions about them.

The American Express Gift Card is a non-reloadable card that can be used anywhere in the US, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (as long as the merchants accept Amex off course!). They can be used at both off-line and online retailers as well as mailorders. However, they cannot be used at cruise lines, for recurring billing purchases, or at casinos or ATMs and international airlines.

What to do before you use the card? – Before you use the card, you should sign on the back of the card. American Express advices gift card holders to actually write down their customer service number and their gift card number separately in case they lose (good advice). You should also take note of the four digit security number at the front of the card.

How to use your card? – You can use your card simply at merchants that accept American Express. Just make sure you sign your receipt as you did on your gift card. If you do not have sufficient funds in your account for a particular purchase, some merchants may split the transaction so that you pay some with the gift card and the other portion with a check or some other means. Some merchants however, will not allow that.

Things to be aware of – Because gift cards are not credit cards, there are a couple differences that you have to be aware of.

  • 1. Like prepaid cards or travelers checks, you cannot stop a payment. Hence any dispute has to be handled with the merchants directly
  • 2. Some Merchants (such as restaurants and salons) will obtain an authorization on the Gift Card for an amount up to 20% more than the total bill to cover any tip/gratuity that you may add to the purchase.
  • 3. Hotels and gas stations will also secure an authorization on the Gift Card in excess of the estimated purchase amount to ensure that adequate funds are available to cover the final purchase.
  • Value Through Date – Gift cards have this thing called value through date (which is 12 months from date of purchases). The reason for this is that some credit card processing requires a credit card expiration date. Hence, the value through date functions as a regular credit card’s expiration date. Once your card reaches the value through date, you cannot use it at merchants any more even if there is still value in the card. What you would have to do is to call for a replacement card.
  • Service Fees – If you do not use up your gift card by 12 months, American Express will deduct a monthly service fee of $2.

    How to track your balance? – To obtain your balance or if you have any questons, you can go to www.americanexpress.com/giftcard or call toll free within the United States – 1-877-AXP-GIFT (“Customer Service Number”).

    What if you lose your gift card? – The number to call if your card is stolen is 1-877-297-4438. You must call immediately because you will only be reimbursed the amount that is used “after” you call to report your lost card. Hence, it is very important to keep that sheet of paper with your gift card number and their phone number handy.

    Purchase Fees – The cost for purchasing an American Express Gift Card will obviously be the amount you want in the gift card and also a fee of $3.95 plus shipping cost.

    Gift Card
    Verdict – The American Express® Gift Card is one of the most popular gift cards. Unlike many other Visa type gift cards, the card is actually pretty good looking and smart. You can them in $25, $50, $100, $200 and $500 denominations. You can also up to 50 cards at once and up to $5,000 worth of card within a 14 day period.

    Amex also offers a American Express® Business Gift Card. You can the business gift cards in $25, $50, $100, $200 and $500 denominations. You can up to 1,400 cards and the maximum value that you can in 14 days is $35,000.

    If you do not have an idea for a gift for someone, then something like the American Express Gift Card will make a perfect gift.

    Business Gift Card

    Lifetime Habits

    07/27/2009

    Last fall, I received an email from a long time credit card industry employee.   I ended up corresponding with the author, and ultimately, I posted my interview with the insider as a three part series on this blog.

    I would like to revisit one aspect of the conversation:

    JSteele: In my experience, there seems to be three kinds of credit card customers, 1. the “deadbeats” that I described (like myself) who always pay their balance in full, on time. 2. The trapped revolvers, who you described, who often pay the minimum, and sometimes late fees and over the limit fees. 3. A small number of people in between who occasionally carry a ba`lance, but pay it off in a few months. Would you say this is accurate? Do you know what the approximate percentage of each is among Americans? Do you think these are lifetime habits, or are a significant number of people move between groups?

    Insider: I would believe that the 3 groups are basically lifetime habits, with some minor switching around on people’s part when their situation changes. FYI – I don’t carry a balance, but if we are out of work, I will have to carry a balance to make ends meet.

    One of the realities I am faced with when writing for this blog, is that I am writing for multiple audiences.   I would love to convince everyone to join me in the “deadbeat” club, paying off all of their balances in full, on time, and  every month.    I would also love to convince people to drink in moderation, and never use drugs.   I don’t think I could be completely successful in either effort.

    Credit Card Use Is A Lifetime Habit

    As the great financial planner Yoda once said, “Once you start down the path to the dark side, forever will it dominate your destiny”.    You won’t become Darth Vader if you carry a balance on your credit card, however, it will always be very difficult to get out of that habit in the future.  First, there is the obvious financial difficulty of paying off a debt later, if you don’t have money for it now.   This is compounded by all of the interest you will be paying on all of your charges, from the moment you make them.   As I have pointed out so many times, people who pay their balance in full are really getting a free loan from their credit card company for up to 50 days.   Their charges do not accrue interest if they are paid in full, while anyone with a balance is paying interest from day one of every purchase.   This will not change when the Credit Card Bill of Rights goes into effect next year.

    Lately, I have come to realize that the financial difficulties in becoming a “deadbeat” are not as challenging as the psychological hurdle it takes to go from being a “revolver” to a “deadbeat”.    It is so easy to spend money when you know that you only have to pay for a fraction of the purchase at the end of the month.   It is so easy to rationalize or  dismiss the reality that you will have to pay that small sum every month for a long time.   It is even easier to forget that, ultimately, that purchase will cost you far more than the price on your receipt.    It is also very difficult the quantify the cost off all of the interest you are paying from day one on all purchases, once you fail to pay off your balance in full.

    Once you put all of the problems with carrying a balance in the back of your mind, you are left with the habit of just charging everything.   For many people, reward cards make it so much worse.   They make you feel as if you are actually getting something back.   The reality is that if you are not paying your balance in full, and on time, every month, your reward card is a foolish waste of money.   I hate to be so blunt, but the interest you are paying will far exceed the value of even the best reward.   I can show you the math, but trust me, you are being had.

    How Do You Jump From Being A Revolver to Being a Deadbeat

    Frankly, I can’t offer you a quick fix solution.    First, I am not an expert in addiction, which revolving debt seems closer to being than a true financial problem.    There are no shortage of web sites offering tips on spending less and saving more.   I think the problem is deeper than that.   It goes to the heart of the human composition that allows habits like gambling, drinking, and drugs to thrive and flourish.   When those impulses are channeled to constructive activities, you can achieve tremendous success in sports, business, or the arts.   When your unbreakable habits and rationalizations affect your finances, the results are tragic.   People using credit cards as a method of finance are forfeiting massive amounts of their income over their entire lives.

    It is not as sad as drug addiction, but considering how hard people work, and how much time people spend away from their families to earn money, it is depressing.


    Money Strategies For The Recession

    07/25/2009

    I’m off to the beach today since it is going to be a sunny Saturday at the shore. The weekends are usually days where I take a break from writing about credit cards. So in my place, here is a guest post from SVB from The Digerati Life, one of my pf blog buddy.

    The recession we have is still ongoing but here’s a question for you: have your savings plans changed because of this economic downtrend? For a lot of people, they’ve decided to make changes to their savings and investment plans in response to how the economy has been behaving — and it’s hard to blame them when their retirement funds have suffered a mighty blow over the past few years.

    While a lot of experts say we should stick to our current plans, I believe that when the financial environment tests our strategies, we should be flexible enough to reevaluate them and see whether they need further tweaking. Here are actually some of the considerations I’ve been making during this recessionary period, which I believe will set up my portfolio for much better days ahead.

    5 Money Strategies for the Recession

    1. Manage your money in a low interest environment.

    It’s a little frustrating to see how our cash holdings are earning anemic returns these days. In my case, my money market fund is barely eking out any sort of return. Even high interest savings accounts are no longer as high yielding as they once were. If you’ve got extra cash, you’re probably asking yourself where’s the best savings account for your funds. In my opinion, an online account is a great option because internet only banks are able to cut down on costs and pass on these cost benefits to customers via higher yields.

    2. Seek out cost efficient financial institutions.
    Banks can have sneaky bank fees while brokerages and fund companies can easily hit you up with transaction fees. Even if you’re investments have a great rate of return, you don’t want them eaten up by high cost funds or commissions. Why not check out this list of best online brokers for some low cost options? You may want to take a look at either ETrade or TradeKing to see if they fit the bill. Mutual fund companies (like Vanguard and Schwab) that offer index and no load funds are also great places to invest.

    3. Look for places that will offer you great service.
    I’m noticing more and more that financial institutions are trying to be more competitive by taking the extra steps to improve customer service. During this recession, these financial companies are all after our business, so don’t be afraid to ask for dedicated help from your bank or broker when the need arises. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve received courtesy calls from various institutions, checking in to make sure I’m satisfied with their services.

    4. Rebalance your portfolio.
    A stock market slump is actually an ideal time to tweak your portfolio in case it’s gone off kilter. You may want to restore your portfolio’s asset class proportions to their original state now that you could be subject to less capital gains taxes if you do decide to sell larger positions. It’s also a good time to new positions given the better market prices across the board.

    5. Drop your losers for tax benefits.
    I also think that if you’re holding some losers in your portfolio, it’s a great time to bid them goodbye. Decluttering your portfolio when prices are relatively lower allows you to write off the losses; if you’re interested in ing back your original positions, just make sure you don’t trigger the “wash sale rule”.

    Sure, the recession has ravaged our portfolios and put a cramp on our interest earnings. But I also believe that our current economic situation is something which we can leverage for financial gains. If we do the right money moves, the opportunities we’re afforded by this kind of downtrend may actually help solidify our investment plans further (since they’re tested by a poor market) and set us up for a stronger comeback when the economy eventually bounces back.

    Credit Cards For Home Improvement

    07/24/2009

    We recently received this question from a reader:

    What’s the best credit card out there right now for home improvement? I can’t find anything even remotely close to what was offered just a few years ago…

    Thanks!

    Christina

    Undertaking a home improvement project is a huge task.   Smart homeowners will plan out the entire project in advance in order to optimize their spending on time and materials.    Even smarter people, like you will plan out their payment strategy in order to minimize costs and/or maximize rewards.    Good for you for planning ahead.

    Well Christina, there are a few options out there for you to maximize your rewards.  The first consideration would be if you are paying off your balance in full, and are looking to maximize your rewards, or are you paying your balance over time, and looking to minimize interest.

    If You Are Paying Your Balance In Full

    If that is the case, you should seek to maximize your rewards and discounts.  One strategy you might consider is to open up the Home Depot credit card when you make a really big purchase.   It allows 10% off of your first purchase when you apply.   Save that one for major appliances or other large spending.

    Once you have taken advantage of that offer, you will want to maximize your return on the rest of your spending.    The Discover card had an offer of 5% cash back on home improvement stores, but only between April and June of 2009.   It is unclear if that promotion will return.   They are offering 5% cash back at grocery stores from October until December.    While you probably can’t find many home improvement supplies at your grocery store, you can purchase gift cards valid at home improvement stores, earning your 5% indirectly.    Double check to make sure there is a grocery store near you that supplies the gift cards for a good home improvement store.     Also make sure that they accept Discover, as it is even less widely accepted than American Express.

    If you want to keep things real simple, just sign up for the Schwab Visa that offers 2% on all purchases.   Visa is accepted everywhere, and there is no having to worry if the place you are purchasing supplies counts as a “home improvement” store.

    If You Are Carrying A Balance

    To be sure, I am strongly against carrying balances on credit cards, ever.   You would be much better off getting a home equity loan, or just saving money until you can afford to pay for your improvements.

    That said, it is also possible that you have a leaky roof or some other unsafe condition that can’t wait.    If that is the case, consider a credit card with the lowest interest rate.    The Lowe’s home improvement card also offers a six months “no payments and no interest” promotion on purchases over $299.    This would be advantageous if you feel like you can pay it off within those six months, otherwise, you are just paying interest as usual on the entire balance come next year.

    There are also many other cards with low introductory rates.    Just be very careful reading the terms and conditions.      Once the introductory period expires, any purchases made will continue to accrue interest until the lower interest purchase are paid in full first.   This will change under the Credit Card Bill of Rights, but not until next year.

    Leveraging Grocery Rewards, and Other Rants

    07/23/2009

    Yesterday, I reviewed the Asiana/Bank of America Amex. In the review, I noted that they give you three miles for every dollar spent at grocery stores.   I also mentioned that you could take advantage of these higher reward levels in non grocery stores by purchasing gift cards at your grocer.

    Buy Everything At the Grocery Store?

    Later I received a question from a reader asking if this would work for other cards.   The answer is yes, it sure would.     My local grocery stores have practically an entire aisle devoted to gift cards from seemingly ever brand name in the world.    When I purchase a gift card at the grocery store, it is still a grocery store purchase.    I have seen gift cards from American Airlines, department stores, and all sorts of other companies.

    That said, there is a little risk in this strategy.    First of all, stores sell gift cards to lock you into spending at a certain retailer.    If you American Airlines gift cards, and then later find a better deal on another airline,  you are out of luck.    On the other hand, if you live in Dallas and know that you will fly American every week, it is a no brainer.    Another reason gift cards are offered everywhere is that it is well known that a certain percentage of them will never be used.   They are lost, stolen, or simply forgotten.    In some instances, customers make a $90 charge on a $100 gift card, and then the remaining $10 never gets spent.   In other instances, gift cards have monthly “services fees” or expiration dates that cut into their balances.

    This strategy is not for everyone, but if your spending with a particular merchant is assured, and there is a major bonus for grocery stores, it seems like it would be a good way to go.     Of course, if your store will sell you generic Amex gift cards, that would be an almost foolproof way to go.   Your only concerns would be keeping track of the cards, and not giving your credit card company a loan by ing too many too early.

    Rants

    I am getting really annoyed by ever credit card company calling me back with some kind of survey after every single contact.   Like telemarketers of old, these calls come at the worst time, during diner or when I am trying to put my toddler to sleep.    Frankly, there is no good time.   Clearly, I am not shy with my opinions, yet I just don’t want to do this work for them for free on my time.

    If they want my opinion so badly, they should have a research company pay me to participate in an interview or a focus group.   I have done these before, and I usually get about $50 an hour or more for my time.

    Online Statements Bad

    I recently signed up for a new credit card from CitiBank, largely, if not exclusively for the sign up bonus.    To simplify matters, I chose to get my statements online.     Bad idea.   I merely get a notice that my statement is ready, then I have to go their website and create a login.   When I have completed that ordeal, I have to parse through their website to determine the only two pieces of information that I care about:   What was the entire balance of my last statement, and when is it due.    Worse, with some of the cards that I have signed up for online statements, I have not been consistent in sending me the notification!

    These days, snail mail is still more reliable than email.   Furthermore, anyone in the entire world can send you a phishing attempt in an email that is almost indistinguishable from the real deal.    On the other hand, a fake bill sent through the United States Postal Service would easily recognized if sent from outside of the country, not to mention being a Federal Crime.

    In a perfect world, a complete copy of the bill would be emailed to me when my statement closes, with a paper copy on it’s way if I do not acknowledge the electronic copy within a few days.  Until then, I am sticking to paper statements from now on, even though I can still view them online.

    Cartoon

    Mike Luckovich is the Pulitzer Prize winning political cartoonist over of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution.    The other day, he came up with this humdinger of a cartoon about credit card fees.mike0719

    The cartoon is great, but I am not sure about the timing, considering the Credit Card Bill of Rights has already past.    Perhaps there was a case in Atlanta where a mother had to put her child in foster care due to credit card debt.

    My Money Shrugges Radio Interview

    Last night, I had the pleasure to speak to “Atlas” from My Money Shrugged. We talked about his identity theft situation and what he had to do to protect his credit score etc. We talked about his blog and some personal finance stuff. So enjoy the show.

    Review: Asiana American Express Card By Bank of America

    07/22/2009

    I have never been to Korea.    I don’t plan on visiting Korea anytime soon.   It is nothing against the Koreans and their fine country, it just isn’t high on my list of places I need to visit with my limited vacation time.

    That said, I am interested in the American Express card offered through the Korean airline Asiana (not to be confused with their rival, Korean Airlines).

    Why Would This Card Interest Me?

    Unlike many reward cards affiliated with foreign airlines, this card is available to us here in the States.    The points they offer in their Asiana Club can be redeemed for tickets on any Star Alliance airline, including American carriers such as US Airways, Continental Airlines and the infamous United.    More importantly, the good folks at Asiana haven’t yet received the memo that reward programs should have been devalued.

    Reward Formula

    For each dollar you spend, you get two miles in the Asiana Club.    You also get three miles per dollar spent at a grocery store.    This later feature can be leveraged if you purchase gift cards at a grocery store.   For example, I can a $1,000 worth of Home Depot gift cards at my local grocer, and use those cards to a new refrigerator there.    Actually, many airlines sell gift cards at grocery stores as well, so you could realistically earn three Asiana Club miles for every dollar spent on another airline. You could even by American Express gift cards, and get three miles per dollar spent everywhere. The only downside is a relatively meager 5,000 mile sign up bonus to get you started.

    When it comes time to redeem your miles, Asiana has an eminently logical reward chart that charges based on mileage, not arbitrary zones.     I always had a problem with reward charts that charge more miles for the 100 mile flight from Ft. Lauderdale to the Bahamas then they do for the 3,000 mile flight to Seattle.     With Asiana’s chart, like several other foreign airlines, awards are grouped by round trip mileage flown.   Let’s say you are flying from New York to Frankfurt, Germany.    The round trip is 7,700 miles, so you would only need 75,000 miles to fly in Business Class.   Of course, those miles were accumulated through a mere 37,500 in spending; less if you make purchases from grocery stores.

    Fees

    There is a $99 annual fee, and it does not appear to be waived the first year.   It does offer a competitive 1.99% introductory APR for the first six months, going to 13.24% after that.    There is actually no balance transfer fee during the introductory period.

    Who Would This Card Be Good For?

    This would be an excellent replacement for any US Airways, Continental, or United cardholder.    All you would want to do is make sure that future flights were credited to your Asiana Club account in order to make the most of the miles earned with your credit card.    Earning Asiana miles is a no-brainer for anyone still involved with United’s MileagePlus program and it’s reward blocking policies.

    Since there is minimal sign-up bonus, and a significant annual fee to justify, this card lends itself more towards people with more annual spend than others.    Like most reward cards, I would not recommend it for people carrying a balance, although it’s low introductory rate and lack of a balance transfer fee might work for people who are confident that they can pay off their balance within six months of receiving the card.    Don’t even think twice about getting this card if you regularly fly Asiana Airlines.

    I would like to visit Korea some day, but in the mean time, I will have to make due with an Asiana American Express and perhaps a visit to my local Korean Barbecue.

    Fidelity Rewards American Express Card Review

    07/21/2009

    Cash back cards are very attractive, for obvious reasons.   With them, you are not invested in proprietary loyalty program that can be devalued at a whim.   To the contrary, your cash rewards can earn earn interest for you over time.     For the longest time, 1% was the standard cash back reward, with higher percentages for purchases with the card’s branded affiliate.

    Then, things started to get a little complicated.   Some cards offered double cash back in certain spending categories, while others required you to reach spending floors before higher rates of back rewards kicked in.   I prefer to keep things simple, most of the time, and have a cash back card with a flat rate for all purchases.    The Schwab Visa has been the benchmark among flat rate rewards cards, delivering a phenomenal 2%.    It has recently come to my attention that another card, the Fidelity Rewards American Express offers Schwab some serious competition.   Let’s see how it stacks up.

    Reward Formula

    With this card, you accrue 2 points for every dollar spent.   When your total equals 5,000 points, you may have the points automatically converted into a $50 credit into any of your accounts with Fidelity Investments.

    Eligible Accounts

    These include brokerage accounts, IRAs, and 529 college savings accounts.

    Fees

    There is no annual fee.    The Standard Variable APR is 13.99%.   There is a 0% APR on balance transfers for the first six months, however, there is 3% fee on balance transfers in the introductory period, that goes to 4% afterwords.   The foreign transaction fee is specified in the Cardholder Agreement, which is not posted on their website.    Other American Express cards charge a 2.7% foreign transaction fee.    I must add that if you plan on carrying a balance, you probably should not be looking at a reward card.

    Other Benefits

    There are some travel rewards and merchandise gift certificates that are available for purchase with your points, however, it is difficult to imagine that they are of greater value than cash.

    Some Drawbacks

    The terms and conditions includes language that says that you will forfeit points if the card is closed by either yourself or themselves.    Since their reward system requires that you spend $2,500 before getting $50 cash back, you are risking up to $50 of rewards at any one time.     That is probably an acceptable risk for most people, unlike cards where the reward are distributed annually.

    Verdict

    Simply by the fact that the card is an American Express, it has a few disadvantages when compared to the Schwab Visa card.   For one, it is accepted at fewer locations than a Visa card.    Also, the 2.7% Foreign Transaction fee means that you are getting a “negative reward” of .7% whenever you use your card to make purchases in a foreign currency, and possibly with transactions in Dollars with a foreign company.    On the other hand, most people find American Express Card Member Services to be superior in areas such as merchant disputes and car rental insurance.

    Getting beyond the Visa/Amex distinctions, this card is very similar to the Schwab Visa.    The rewards are so good, that it is possible that neither company is making much money on these offerings.    These cards exist to attract people to their respective brokerage services.

    While some predict that the Credit Card Bill of Rights will mean the end of reward cards, it is my firm belief that affiliate cards like these will become more popular in the future.   It is a win-win for both the cardholder and Fidelity Investments.

    Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions About Me Disclosure Contact Me

    Newsletter Sign Up

    Name

    Email